Annotation: How did Jews integrate into Russian society, and how did society itself react to this integration? Oleg Budnitsky's book narrates the history of the Jews and simultaneously the history of the "Jewish question" in the Russian Empire. Offering readers a brief historical overview, the author then focuses on individual stories: from the service of Jews in the army and their role in the revolutionary movement to the clan of tax collectors, bankers, and gold miners, the Gintsburg barons, who played a significant role in the development of the Russian economy and in protecting the interests of Russian Jews. The book concludes with an account of events related to World War I, which was a turning point in the history of Jews in Russia, and what happened to them in 1917 amidst the ruins of the empire—between the fall of autocracy and the rise to power of the Bolsheviks. Oleg Budnitsky is a Doctor of Historical Sciences, a professor at the National Research University Higher School of Economics. He is the author of 10 books (two of which are co-authored) on the history of Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries, including those published in the series "Russia Reimagined" ("People at War", "Kolchak's Gold", "Reds and Whites").